How Runoff Primaries Work in US Politics

Runoff primaries are held in nearly a dozen states when no candidate in a race for their partys nomination for state or federal office is able to win a simple majority of the vote. Runoff primaries amount to a second round of voting, but only the two top vote-getters appear on the ballot - a move that ensures one of them will win support from at least 50 percent of voters. All other states require the nominee to win only a plurality, or the most number of votes in the race.   This requirement that you have a majority vote is hardly unique. We require the president to get a majority in the  Electoral College. Parties have to get majorities to choose presidents. As John Boehner can explain, you also need to have majority support in the  House  to become  speaker, Charles S.  Bullock III, a political scientist at the University of Georgia, said during a 2017 panel discussion held by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Runoff primaries are  most common in  the South and date back to single-party rule. The use of runoff primaries is more likely when there are more than two candidates seeking the nomination for a statewide seat such as governor or U.S. senator. The requirement that party nominees win at least 50 percent of the vote is seen as a deterrent to electing extremist candidates, but critics argue holding second primaries to achieve this goal is costly and often alienates large swaths of potential voters.   10States That Use Runoff Primaries The states that require nominees for state and federal office to win a certain threshold  of votes and hold runoff primaries when that doesnt happen, according to FairVote and the National Conference of State Legislatures, are: Alabama: Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Arkansas:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Georgia:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Louisiana:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Mississippi:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  North Carolina:  Requires nominees to win at least 40 percent of the vote.  Oklahoma:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  South Carolina:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  South Dakota:  Requires certain nominees to win at least 35 percent of the vote.  Texas:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.   History of Runoff Primaries The use of runoff primaries dates to the South in the early 1900s, when Democrats held a lock on electoral politics. With little competition from Republican or third parties, the Democrats essentially chose their candidates not in the general election but the primaries; whoever won the nomination was guaranteed electoral victory. Many southern states set artificial thresholds to protect white Democratic candidates from being toppled by other candidates who won with mere pluralities. Others such as Arkansas authorized the use of runoff elections to block extremists and hate groups including the Ku Klux Klan from winning party primaries. Justification forRunoff Primaries Runoff primaries are used for the same reasons today: they force candidates to achieve support from a broader portion of the electorate, thereby reducing the chance voters will elect extremists. According to Wendy Underhill, an expert on  elections and redistricting,  and researcher  Katharina Owens Hubler: The requirement for a majority vote (and thus the potential for a primary runoff) was intended to encourage candidates to broaden their appeal to a wider range of voters, to reduce the likelihood of electing candidates who are at the ideological extremes of a party, and to produce a nominee who may be more electable in the general election. Now that the South is solidly Republican, the same issues still hold true. Some states have also moved to open primaries to try to reduce partisanship. Downsides of Runoff Primaries Turnout data show that participation declines in runoff elections, meaning those who do turnout might not fully represent the interests of the district as a whole. And, of course, it costs money to hold primaries. So taxpayers in states that hold runoffs are on the hook for not one but two primaries. Instant Runoff Primaries An alternative to runoff primaries growing in popularity is the instant runoff. Instant runoffs require the use of ranked-choice voting in which voters identify their first, second and third preferences. The initial count uses every voters top choice. If no candidate hits the 50-percent threshold to secure the party nomination, the candidate with the fewest votes is dropped and a recount is held. This process is repeated until one of the remaining candidates gets a majority of votes. Maine became the first state to adopt ranked-choice voting in 2016; it uses the method in state races including those for​ the legislature.

Ethics And Ethics Of The Workplace - 1014 Words

Ethics in the Workplace What is Ethics and why is it an important part of the workplace? Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia) Decisions taken within an organization may be made by person or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. A decision to behave ethically is a moral. Employees need to decide what they think is the right course of action. Ethics in the workplace are standards that consist of morals, values, character and integrity. Companies that promote ethical behavior have strong retention among employees and good ethics also means good business. It can brings significant benefits for a business. Ethical behavior in the workplace work has been proven to have statistically good benefits for a company. Employees that use good ethical behavior build customer loyalty. By, building a loyal customer base, companyâ€℠¢s reputation for ethical behavior can help it create a more positive image in the marketplace, which can bring in new customers through word-of-mouth. Companies that promote ethical behavior in the workplace also retain good employees. Companies who are fair and open in their dealings with employees have a better chance of retaining talented people. Ethical employees help create a positive work environment. They are seen as team players rather than an individuals out forShow MoreRelatedEthics : Ethics And The Workplace1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn this day in age ethics is a big part of businesses. An Ethical employee tends to make decisions in the best interest of their employers, co-workers, and also outside companies other than themselves. This being said I will be discussing how ethics and communication can help and benefit you in the workplace and how it can build relationships with employees, what companies look for in their workplace using ethic also some statistics of how e thics benefits the workplace, and a few cons businessesRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1223 Words   |  5 PagesGood ethics is essential in the workplace to have a good, working environment. Many companies now enforce ethics training, in hopes that the good ethics will rise above bad ethics. But in too many cases that does not happen. It is important to enforce good ethics in the workplace so that trust may be a result. Employers must be able to build trust around their employees and visa versa. Employees must also be able to trust fellow employees. When bad ethics are being displayed by an individualRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in the Workplace Classical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethicalRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace923 Words   |  4 Pagesis aimed at providing the larger audience an overview of the ethics of the workplace related to the issues of ownership, privacy and monitoring in a working environment. There are practical examples to demonstrate how ethics play an important role in working environments related to information privacy but still there is less consensus on uniquely identifying specific ethical issues. Employees at different organization may define ethics from their own perspective which makes it difficult to implementRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1046 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethics: Unprofessional Conduct BUS 309 Business Ethics Professor: Keith Graves August 23, 2013 Today, there seems to a big misconception of what professionalism means in and out the workplace. Many people go to work just to earn a living and that is fine however, when you hold a position of stature or prestige there are certain elements you must value to the profession as a teacher. â€Å"Professional teacher† refers to the status of a person who is paid to teach. They are supposedRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace1554 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics in the Workplace We as individuals come across situations in our daily lives that force us to make decisions that we may always agree with morally as well as decisions that may push our moral compasses to their limits. If you are a working professional no matter what the field, these decisions can come with big ramifications, good or bad. I have come to find that with every individual there comes a different set of beliefs, attitude, boundaries and ethical views. We do not all share theRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1008 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 2: Workplace Ethics Danielle Davis Professor Kenneth A. Pino BUS 309: Business Ethics Abstract Regardless of your occupation, employees have the right to privacy. Case 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct shows how Pettit privacy was violated. Pettit was a teacher of many years and never had a bad evaluation of her work. What she did outside of work was labeled unprofessional by the Board of Education and they chose to fire her because they believed she was unfit to teach. I disagree withRead MoreEthics in the Workplace2413 Words   |  10 PagesEthics in the Workplace – Sears Auto Center Ethics in the workplace and sometimes the lack thereof can significantly influence the success of an organization. Effective leaders often approach ethical dilemmas by identifying alternative actions and their consequences on stakeholders. The aftermath of the disasters caused by Enron, WorldCom, and other businesses, once prominent companies, resulted in a significant loss of confidence in business leader’s conduct. Organizations in today’s highly competitiveRead MoreEthics In The Workplace Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in the Workplace What is ethics? Is ethics an ability that grows in us from a child or does our parents teaches us ethics? According to dictionary.com, states that the word ethics means, the code of good conducts for an individual or group. Ethics also means, simply stated, that ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionalsRead MoreImportance Of Ethics In The Workplace1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Ethics in the Workplace In their personal and professional lives, people can and, unfortunately, sometimes do go against their moral and ethical standards. Ethical standards are what it means to be a good person, the social rules that govern our behavior. Ethics in business is essentially the study of what constitutes the right and wrong or the good or bad behavior in the workplace environment. A business is an organization whose objective is to provide goods or services for profit

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency Free Essays

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency Chapter I. The Problem and Its Background Introduction Human echo sounding is an ability of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects. By actively making sounds people trained to point themselves with echo sounding can construe the sound moving ridges reflected by nearby objects and be able to accurately placing their location. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the Study Invention is the key to a productive and comfortable hereafter, the more advanced our lives turn in to the more convenience we receive, doing arduous undertaking be done with easiness and puting our human restrictions to greater highs, but no affair how far we go on this pursuit of doing our lives more convenient clip is ne’er in our side and devolution comes along with it. Disabilities are hinderances that would halt one’s life to be enjoyed to the fullest, people would necessitate to take therapies and tonss of clip merely to get by up with what was lost from them, with the usage of invention we could do systems that would help others and be able to get by up and unrecorded normal lives even with such dysfunctional variety meats or amputations. Blindness is a really common disablement among the peoples throughout the word. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 39 million are unsighted and 246 have low vision. About 90 % of the world’s visually impaired live in developing states. A individual who can non see at 6 metre nor has a field vision of 10img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1224789.001.png"or less is considered lawfully blind. 95 % of people classed as lawfully blind have some vision. To be classed as blind, there is a entire loss of vision. They need help to walk and all other day-to-day indispensable plants. So we the advocates show a system that tries to take the expletive of sightlessness and do them self-dependent to make their day-to-day jobs. It is a coaction of multiple devices that cooperate with one another to supply navigational counsel by using the echo sounding and echo sounder. The system consists of multiple transceivers that are programmed with the usage of programmable circuits to give out specified orders or bids that seasonably calculates the distance from one another to supply accurate readings of the location of objects and specific countries. Aims of the Study The general aim of this survey is to develop a location sensing system that utilizes echo sounders like functionality. In line with this, the undertaking aims to accomplish the following specific aims: To develop a navigational system that would supply assistance to the visually impaired or the blind. To build a system by using multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another and be able to pass on with the user via earphone and give accurate and effectual orders. To place the restriction of the system and what would function as a correctional response to the said jobs or any possible class of action. Significance of the Study Significance of the survey is to supply assistance to handicapped people for them to populate normal unrecorded and be able to get by up from their loss and would non take tonss of clip merely to cover with. The following groups of people and organisations that will profit from the survey are: For the Blind – The system would give assistance to the people that are blind for it provides pilotage with the usage of sound moving ridges that would move as their eyes and give counsel by the agencies of giving the location and possible obstructors that they may meet. For the Visually Impaired – The undertaking shed light to a possibility that they should non fear sightlessness ( if their damage unluckily leads to blindness ) and would still be able to populate normal lives with the aid of the system. For the Students – Our Undertaking proposal will function as mention and usher for the pupils to develop, innovate, better or make great and working thesis. This can give them proficient information largely in these present tendencies where huge engineerings upgraded. For Future Researchers – Our proposed undertaking will assist them to give an thought about what they will gestate and better about this survey. Scope and Restriction The usage of â€Å"The survey will concentrate on supplying navigational assistance to the blind† , â€Å"It includes the survey about things that affect the sound wave that travels† , â€Å"The survey consists of multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another that makes a web or system† , and â€Å"The coverage of the survey entirely focuses on supplying assistance to the visually impaired by using echo sounder like functionality of the system† could assist show the range while the usage of â€Å"This survey is limited to people that are sing ocular loss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , â€Å"The survey does non cover elaborate information about the constituents but merely sufficient information to warrant its functionality† , and â€Å"It does non seek to include the application of the system in out-of-doorss plus the possible effects of certain appendages that could impact the system† could assist show the restrictions. Conceptual Model img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1224789.002.png"In order to successfully accomplish the coveted result of this survey, certain processs, demands and thoughts were carefully discussed to gestate the project’s design and development. After a long deliberation and brainstorming, one idea was agreed upon in which resulted into one construct. Fig. 1 Conceptual model of the survey Fig. 1 shows the conceptual model of the survey. It covers the three major parts: the input that uses transceivers to bring forth and have sound that travel trough air and bouncinesss off solid objects, the procedure that utilizes multiple transceivers that communicate with the nomadic transceiver by directing answers that would be processed by the transcriber and so delivered to the user by the agencies of the earphone, and the end product phases that provide the user existent clip calculation and update to the distance and whereabouts of the stationary transceiver and possible obstructors. Operational Definition of Footings Human echo sounding Is an ability of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects. Sonar SoundNitrogenavigationAneodymiumRoentgenanging is a technique that usessoundpropagation tonavigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the H2O, such as other vass. Degeneration Deterioration and loss of map in the cells of a tissue or organ How to cite Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency, Essay examples