Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Administrative Accounting - Essay Example So also, the arranging must join the constraints that the associations have while, simultaneously, concentrating on the drawn out objectives and wants of the association; this must be done through successful planning and further spending control. It is irreplaceable instrument for estimating execution. The achievement of any advantageous association is relied on a decent spending plan since it gives a stage where pay and consumption gauges are done at a development date by utilization of authentic information. By so doing, the spending helps the association in various manners, for example, control, coordination and inevitable estimation of the association. Through the equivalent, the association can infer inspiration outfitted towards a superior future (CHONG et al 2007). As indicated by CARPENTER (2006) a spending plan is characterized as a conditional quantitative appearance of future desires and, is generally arranged by the administration of any association. There are various sorts of spending plans and are worried about getting ready for what's to come. Whenever done in the correct way, a spending plan can fill in as a methods for control inside the association since in it are generally the associations plans, objectives and key execution activities and markers. They are typically arranged either yearly or month to month or at some other stretch, contingent upon the need. The criticalness of spending plans is that they permit the administration of the association to investigate the past disappointments and achievement; and that helps in detailing the best systems for what's to come. The coming of 21st century has a carried with it numerous complexities for various associations. As such limiting inside association is inescapable; planning and control have become basic piece of the associations since plainly they have a major job in the general execution of the association. In such manner, numerous monetary and loaning foundations have put a lot of spotlight on planning as an apparatus of setting up execution in any association. So also,

Myths to the Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legends to the Renaissance - Essay Example The framework was intended to beware of exorbitance of a ruler. During this period, the realm was under Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus (child to Marcus Aurelius) and his assenting sibling and child in-law Lucius Verus1. He was an aloof philosopher2 who built up himself as the more impressive of the two sovereigns. During his rule, the Roman Empire was loaded with a wide range of terrible deeds. Driven by the sovereign himself, sexual sin was not a mystery. In the film, we experience courtesans being debased in his quality. He was a womanizer and a gay simultaneously. The film gives us a comprehension of the political framework in old Rome. This was a political framework organized a route that to mirror a type of cutting edge majority rules system. It didn't bolster oppression. This was the primary goal of the joint authority by two delegates during the hour of the ‘Republic’.3 The realm had other eminent political substances separated from the governm ent. There was the senate comprised of representatives, Plebian Tribunate and Comitia Centuriata. The substances, along with the two delegates comprised the type of political frameworks, which the Romans alluded to as the ‘republic’. In the film, it is apparent that the Roman Empire was administered by aggressor monarchial pioneers. ... He had a field where he showed his chasing abilities. In this field, code word is brought into play. The slaughtering of ostrich by the ruler was intended to pass a message to the legislators that the equivalent could come to pass for them in the event that they resisted him. Individuals who showed reformist personalities were killed by the regime5. The film portrays the Roman Empire as one loaded with individuals with avarice for power. There zone numerous occasions where characters kill rulers to take power. It is guaranteed that the fundamental character Commodus killed his dad to take power. Scarcely three months into his standard, there were plans to execute him as well. After his demise in the field, the senate met and pronounced Pertinax the sovereign. A few characters in the military couldn't warm to being driven by a child to a previous slave and wound up killing him. Inking was an in thing in the hired fighter ruled Roman armed force. The cowards could without much of a str etch be distinguished through the tattoos, thus are methods for checking against traitors. The tattoos, for example, the one worn by Maximus in the film Gladiator were a hold for the humble respected in the public arena. In the military, they were intended for soldiers of fortune, modest positioned and excavators during the rule of Emperor Constantine. The film depicts the tattoos as an embodiment of agnosticism, strange notion and minimization in the Roman Empire. It was a customary practice as well as a law that was applied ruthlessly6. The film depicts a general public that venerates fierce games as a type of fun. At whatever point the domain was tranquil, combatants gave a choice to war legends for individuals to love. The warriors were the heart breaker of numerous Romans young ladies. During the time where the film is based, the warriors were a thistle

Making Connections Between Texts

Making Connections Between Texts (0) This is the second of two lessons that teach research and comprehension skills around the topic of the Christopher Columbus. Also, dont forget to have students  cite their sources in  MLA format,  APA format, or the style of your choice. Photo Source:  â€œChristopher Columbus” by May Wong. Licensed under  CC BY 2.0.  Original image was cropped. Overview You will learn: How to analyze a series of events to determine cause and effect How to analyze common themes across multiple historical documents Defining Cause and Effect History does not happen in a vacuum, meaning that historical events are influenced by previous events, and in turn, impact future events. The cause is an event or action that triggers a future action, or reaction, referred to as an effect. An effect may happen immediately following the cause, or it may occur days, weeks, months, or even years later. Importance of Cause-Effect Relationships Learning how to identify cause and effect relationships helps to explain how or why certain historical events occurred over time. It also helps to explain in what ways the events affected, or were affected by, the greater historical context. Historical context is the combination of factors that create the “big picture” of a point in time, including the setting, major events, and social, cultural, political and economic factors that influenced the way contemporary people thought and acted. Examples of Cause-Effect Relationships in Economics Listen to the clip below: Cause: High demand for silk in Europe Effect: Europeans traveled to Asia to find sources of the fabric Cause: Europeans traveled to Asia to find sources of the fabric Effect: Trade routes and trade partnerships were formed between Europe and Asia Is It a Cause or Just an Event? Cause-effect relationships happen just as they’re described; the cause event always precedes, or happens before, the effect event. That does not mean, however, that all preceding events are causes. Sometimes an event is just an event; it may not have any significant effect. View the example below. Read each sentence and determine which events caused another event, and which ones are simply preceding. Hover your mouse over the green and blue icons below to view the correct responses. Perspective Perspective is synonymous with point of view. It takes into account the specific attitudes you may have when approaching or looking at something, or the unique vantage point that you may hold. There are many things that shape perspective including age, personal experiences, political orientation, religious beliefs, and cultural and social factors. Historical Perspective Perspective not only plays a role in your daily life, but in social studies as well. Historical perspective refers to the specific lens through which we view past events. Your own personal beliefs and experiences will influence the specific perspective you have of an event. The same goes for historians and economists. No two perspectives will be identical, and in many cases, there are multiple and diverse perspectives of the same event. Analyzing Perspective Listen to the clip below: Questions to ask:? Who created the primary source? What important information do I know about this individual or group of individuals? When was the source created? Why was the source created? Analyzing Perspective Who? The first question you should ask is who created the primary source? What important information do I know about the individual or group of individuals? Identifying the author or creator of a source highlights important information about their perspective. For example, after his arrival in the New World, Christopher Columbus labeled the Native Americans he met as “Indians.” Columbus believed he was sailing to the Indies, not to the Americas. Analyzing Perspective When? Listen to the clip below: Questions to ask:? When was the source created? Specific point in time influences perspective Perspectives vary at time of the event Perspectives vary between time of the event and later in history Analyzing Perspective Why? Listen to the clip below: Questions to ask:? Why did the author create the source? What is the author’s intent or what are they trying to convey to the reader? Applies to both primary and secondary sources. Example of Primary Source Perspective Read the accounts of the interactions with Native American from the perspectives of Christopher Columbus and Bartolome de las Casas. While reading, ask yourself the three questions for analyzing perspective. How do the unique perspectives of Columbus and de las Casas impact their accounts of similar events? Example of Secondary Source Perspective Read the example  about varied perspectives with regards to Christopher Columbus. The example is located in the first gray box at the top of the page. Note how each historian’s perspective is influenced by their beliefs about  and interpretation of Christopher Columbus. The first historian paints Columbus’s voyage in a negative light, while the second recounts a much more optimistic version of the same story. Conclusion In this lesson you learned: the role that cause-effect relationships play in social studies and especially economics the difference between causal events and preceding events the factors that influence perspective how to analyze the varied perspectives about the same event, person, or period in time

How Runoff Primaries Work in US Politics

Runoff primaries are held in nearly a dozen states when no candidate in a race for their partys nomination for state or federal office is able to win a simple majority of the vote. Runoff primaries amount to a second round of voting, but only the two top vote-getters appear on the ballot - a move that ensures one of them will win support from at least 50 percent of voters. All other states require the nominee to win only a plurality, or the most number of votes in the race.   This requirement that you have a majority vote is hardly unique. We require the president to get a majority in the  Electoral College. Parties have to get majorities to choose presidents. As John Boehner can explain, you also need to have majority support in the  House  to become  speaker, Charles S.  Bullock III, a political scientist at the University of Georgia, said during a 2017 panel discussion held by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Runoff primaries are  most common in  the South and date back to single-party rule. The use of runoff primaries is more likely when there are more than two candidates seeking the nomination for a statewide seat such as governor or U.S. senator. The requirement that party nominees win at least 50 percent of the vote is seen as a deterrent to electing extremist candidates, but critics argue holding second primaries to achieve this goal is costly and often alienates large swaths of potential voters.   10States That Use Runoff Primaries The states that require nominees for state and federal office to win a certain threshold  of votes and hold runoff primaries when that doesnt happen, according to FairVote and the National Conference of State Legislatures, are: Alabama: Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Arkansas:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Georgia:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Louisiana:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  Mississippi:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  North Carolina:  Requires nominees to win at least 40 percent of the vote.  Oklahoma:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  South Carolina:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.  South Dakota:  Requires certain nominees to win at least 35 percent of the vote.  Texas:  Requires nominees to win at least 50 percent of the vote.   History of Runoff Primaries The use of runoff primaries dates to the South in the early 1900s, when Democrats held a lock on electoral politics. With little competition from Republican or third parties, the Democrats essentially chose their candidates not in the general election but the primaries; whoever won the nomination was guaranteed electoral victory. Many southern states set artificial thresholds to protect white Democratic candidates from being toppled by other candidates who won with mere pluralities. Others such as Arkansas authorized the use of runoff elections to block extremists and hate groups including the Ku Klux Klan from winning party primaries. Justification forRunoff Primaries Runoff primaries are used for the same reasons today: they force candidates to achieve support from a broader portion of the electorate, thereby reducing the chance voters will elect extremists. According to Wendy Underhill, an expert on  elections and redistricting,  and researcher  Katharina Owens Hubler: The requirement for a majority vote (and thus the potential for a primary runoff) was intended to encourage candidates to broaden their appeal to a wider range of voters, to reduce the likelihood of electing candidates who are at the ideological extremes of a party, and to produce a nominee who may be more electable in the general election. Now that the South is solidly Republican, the same issues still hold true. Some states have also moved to open primaries to try to reduce partisanship. Downsides of Runoff Primaries Turnout data show that participation declines in runoff elections, meaning those who do turnout might not fully represent the interests of the district as a whole. And, of course, it costs money to hold primaries. So taxpayers in states that hold runoffs are on the hook for not one but two primaries. Instant Runoff Primaries An alternative to runoff primaries growing in popularity is the instant runoff. Instant runoffs require the use of ranked-choice voting in which voters identify their first, second and third preferences. The initial count uses every voters top choice. If no candidate hits the 50-percent threshold to secure the party nomination, the candidate with the fewest votes is dropped and a recount is held. This process is repeated until one of the remaining candidates gets a majority of votes. Maine became the first state to adopt ranked-choice voting in 2016; it uses the method in state races including those for​ the legislature.

Ethics And Ethics Of The Workplace - 1014 Words

Ethics in the Workplace What is Ethics and why is it an important part of the workplace? Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia) Decisions taken within an organization may be made by person or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. A decision to behave ethically is a moral. Employees need to decide what they think is the right course of action. Ethics in the workplace are standards that consist of morals, values, character and integrity. Companies that promote ethical behavior have strong retention among employees and good ethics also means good business. It can brings significant benefits for a business. Ethical behavior in the workplace work has been proven to have statistically good benefits for a company. Employees that use good ethical behavior build customer loyalty. By, building a loyal customer base, companyâ€℠¢s reputation for ethical behavior can help it create a more positive image in the marketplace, which can bring in new customers through word-of-mouth. Companies that promote ethical behavior in the workplace also retain good employees. Companies who are fair and open in their dealings with employees have a better chance of retaining talented people. Ethical employees help create a positive work environment. They are seen as team players rather than an individuals out forShow MoreRelatedEthics : Ethics And The Workplace1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn this day in age ethics is a big part of businesses. An Ethical employee tends to make decisions in the best interest of their employers, co-workers, and also outside companies other than themselves. This being said I will be discussing how ethics and communication can help and benefit you in the workplace and how it can build relationships with employees, what companies look for in their workplace using ethic also some statistics of how e thics benefits the workplace, and a few cons businessesRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1223 Words   |  5 PagesGood ethics is essential in the workplace to have a good, working environment. Many companies now enforce ethics training, in hopes that the good ethics will rise above bad ethics. But in too many cases that does not happen. It is important to enforce good ethics in the workplace so that trust may be a result. Employers must be able to build trust around their employees and visa versa. Employees must also be able to trust fellow employees. When bad ethics are being displayed by an individualRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in the Workplace Classical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethicalRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace923 Words   |  4 Pagesis aimed at providing the larger audience an overview of the ethics of the workplace related to the issues of ownership, privacy and monitoring in a working environment. There are practical examples to demonstrate how ethics play an important role in working environments related to information privacy but still there is less consensus on uniquely identifying specific ethical issues. Employees at different organization may define ethics from their own perspective which makes it difficult to implementRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1046 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethics: Unprofessional Conduct BUS 309 Business Ethics Professor: Keith Graves August 23, 2013 Today, there seems to a big misconception of what professionalism means in and out the workplace. Many people go to work just to earn a living and that is fine however, when you hold a position of stature or prestige there are certain elements you must value to the profession as a teacher. â€Å"Professional teacher† refers to the status of a person who is paid to teach. They are supposedRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Workplace1554 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics in the Workplace We as individuals come across situations in our daily lives that force us to make decisions that we may always agree with morally as well as decisions that may push our moral compasses to their limits. If you are a working professional no matter what the field, these decisions can come with big ramifications, good or bad. I have come to find that with every individual there comes a different set of beliefs, attitude, boundaries and ethical views. We do not all share theRead MoreWorkplace Ethics1008 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 2: Workplace Ethics Danielle Davis Professor Kenneth A. Pino BUS 309: Business Ethics Abstract Regardless of your occupation, employees have the right to privacy. Case 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct shows how Pettit privacy was violated. Pettit was a teacher of many years and never had a bad evaluation of her work. What she did outside of work was labeled unprofessional by the Board of Education and they chose to fire her because they believed she was unfit to teach. I disagree withRead MoreEthics in the Workplace2413 Words   |  10 PagesEthics in the Workplace – Sears Auto Center Ethics in the workplace and sometimes the lack thereof can significantly influence the success of an organization. Effective leaders often approach ethical dilemmas by identifying alternative actions and their consequences on stakeholders. The aftermath of the disasters caused by Enron, WorldCom, and other businesses, once prominent companies, resulted in a significant loss of confidence in business leader’s conduct. Organizations in today’s highly competitiveRead MoreEthics In The Workplace Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in the Workplace What is ethics? Is ethics an ability that grows in us from a child or does our parents teaches us ethics? According to dictionary.com, states that the word ethics means, the code of good conducts for an individual or group. Ethics also means, simply stated, that ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionalsRead MoreImportance Of Ethics In The Workplace1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Ethics in the Workplace In their personal and professional lives, people can and, unfortunately, sometimes do go against their moral and ethical standards. Ethical standards are what it means to be a good person, the social rules that govern our behavior. Ethics in business is essentially the study of what constitutes the right and wrong or the good or bad behavior in the workplace environment. A business is an organization whose objective is to provide goods or services for profit

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency Free Essays

Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency Chapter I. The Problem and Its Background Introduction Human echo sounding is an ability of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects. By actively making sounds people trained to point themselves with echo sounding can construe the sound moving ridges reflected by nearby objects and be able to accurately placing their location. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the Study Invention is the key to a productive and comfortable hereafter, the more advanced our lives turn in to the more convenience we receive, doing arduous undertaking be done with easiness and puting our human restrictions to greater highs, but no affair how far we go on this pursuit of doing our lives more convenient clip is ne’er in our side and devolution comes along with it. Disabilities are hinderances that would halt one’s life to be enjoyed to the fullest, people would necessitate to take therapies and tonss of clip merely to get by up with what was lost from them, with the usage of invention we could do systems that would help others and be able to get by up and unrecorded normal lives even with such dysfunctional variety meats or amputations. Blindness is a really common disablement among the peoples throughout the word. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 39 million are unsighted and 246 have low vision. About 90 % of the world’s visually impaired live in developing states. A individual who can non see at 6 metre nor has a field vision of 10img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1224789.001.png"or less is considered lawfully blind. 95 % of people classed as lawfully blind have some vision. To be classed as blind, there is a entire loss of vision. They need help to walk and all other day-to-day indispensable plants. So we the advocates show a system that tries to take the expletive of sightlessness and do them self-dependent to make their day-to-day jobs. It is a coaction of multiple devices that cooperate with one another to supply navigational counsel by using the echo sounding and echo sounder. The system consists of multiple transceivers that are programmed with the usage of programmable circuits to give out specified orders or bids that seasonably calculates the distance from one another to supply accurate readings of the location of objects and specific countries. Aims of the Study The general aim of this survey is to develop a location sensing system that utilizes echo sounders like functionality. In line with this, the undertaking aims to accomplish the following specific aims: To develop a navigational system that would supply assistance to the visually impaired or the blind. To build a system by using multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another and be able to pass on with the user via earphone and give accurate and effectual orders. To place the restriction of the system and what would function as a correctional response to the said jobs or any possible class of action. Significance of the Study Significance of the survey is to supply assistance to handicapped people for them to populate normal unrecorded and be able to get by up from their loss and would non take tonss of clip merely to cover with. The following groups of people and organisations that will profit from the survey are: For the Blind – The system would give assistance to the people that are blind for it provides pilotage with the usage of sound moving ridges that would move as their eyes and give counsel by the agencies of giving the location and possible obstructors that they may meet. For the Visually Impaired – The undertaking shed light to a possibility that they should non fear sightlessness ( if their damage unluckily leads to blindness ) and would still be able to populate normal lives with the aid of the system. For the Students – Our Undertaking proposal will function as mention and usher for the pupils to develop, innovate, better or make great and working thesis. This can give them proficient information largely in these present tendencies where huge engineerings upgraded. For Future Researchers – Our proposed undertaking will assist them to give an thought about what they will gestate and better about this survey. Scope and Restriction The usage of â€Å"The survey will concentrate on supplying navigational assistance to the blind† , â€Å"It includes the survey about things that affect the sound wave that travels† , â€Å"The survey consists of multiple transceivers that cooperate with one another that makes a web or system† , and â€Å"The coverage of the survey entirely focuses on supplying assistance to the visually impaired by using echo sounder like functionality of the system† could assist show the range while the usage of â€Å"This survey is limited to people that are sing ocular loss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , â€Å"The survey does non cover elaborate information about the constituents but merely sufficient information to warrant its functionality† , and â€Å"It does non seek to include the application of the system in out-of-doorss plus the possible effects of certain appendages that could impact the system† could assist show the restrictions. Conceptual Model img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1224789.002.png"In order to successfully accomplish the coveted result of this survey, certain processs, demands and thoughts were carefully discussed to gestate the project’s design and development. After a long deliberation and brainstorming, one idea was agreed upon in which resulted into one construct. Fig. 1 Conceptual model of the survey Fig. 1 shows the conceptual model of the survey. It covers the three major parts: the input that uses transceivers to bring forth and have sound that travel trough air and bouncinesss off solid objects, the procedure that utilizes multiple transceivers that communicate with the nomadic transceiver by directing answers that would be processed by the transcriber and so delivered to the user by the agencies of the earphone, and the end product phases that provide the user existent clip calculation and update to the distance and whereabouts of the stationary transceiver and possible obstructors. Operational Definition of Footings Human echo sounding Is an ability of worlds to observe objects in their environment by feeling reverberations from those objects. Sonar SoundNitrogenavigationAneodymiumRoentgenanging is a technique that usessoundpropagation tonavigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the H2O, such as other vass. Degeneration Deterioration and loss of map in the cells of a tissue or organ How to cite Development of Location Detection System Using Passive Sonar Frequency, Essay examples

Reducing The Military Essays - United States Armed Forces, Military

Reducing The Military With the end of the "Cold War" America's armed forces are too large and expensive to maintain while in an era of peace. The roles of the military has changed, and the United States has come to the conclusion that military might no longer means having the larger force. Politicians have initiated the closure of bases, the reduced production by defense contractors, the decrease in military and civilian personnel. The actions taken to reduce the military has left dwindling numbers, and this must be changed to ensure that the U.S. military continues to be a mighty super power. The idea of a smaller military was not even considered during the "Cold War", but today the treat to America is at a all-time low. This has sparked politicians to restructure the forces and reduce the spending needed to maintain those forces. These reductions are based on the budget spending what is not cost effective to the U.S. and the public. The cost cutting needs to be done, without too large of an effect on the employed personnel, whether military or civilian (O'Rourke, 2). Though the reductions in the forces still needs to be made, careful monitoring of the amounts of The reductions in personnel have gone past the recommended limit set Congress, and have created a greater need for personnel. If a conflict were to happen to day, the U.S. could only send four heavy divisions, compared to the seven sent during the Gulf War. This greatly decreases America's ability to thwart an attack from several different countries at one time. This idea of sustaining several conflicts at one time has been a major Because the U.S. is the last great superpower, it is a very large target, and when involvement is needed to aid others the forces are diminished the ability to be an effective deterrent. Analysts have seen an increased demand for the continued policing actions that the U.S. plays a major part in. Congress has also cut spending on defense technology, which has caused defense contractors to make cutbacks in employees. 1.3 million jobs have been cut since the employment peak of 1987. This has caused increased inflation, and has hurt the economy of United States. Reconstruction of the spending on the technology needs to equally dispersed through the market to even out jobs for all defense companies.

An Economic Solution essays

An Economic Solution essays If marijuana was legalized it would promote the economy in a faster recovery. It would bring in revenue and taxes if sold at stores. It would reduce the amount of money spent on prisons and jails releasing intimates. With marijuana used as a medical drug it helps keep people out of hospitals and working and paying taxes to the government. Legalizing marijuana would make the government money, resulting to an economic recovery. With marijuana keeping people out of the hospital, it allows them to keep working at their jobs and paying taxes. After anecdotal reports of marijuana's providing ant emetic activity in cancer chemotherapy patients refractory to standard agents, orally administered delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was formally studied by a number of investigators(1). With marijuana stunting the spread of cancer threw out the human body it keeps cancer patients healthier and able to do their jobs and paying taxes to the government. With all the sick people healthier working and off welfare itll provide more money for the government to address areas where more money is need and less government spendings on welfare. With more money being saved and less spent, it would dimendal a budget defaces. If marijuana was legalized and sold at stores a tax could be levied collecting heavy revenue. The government could also raise revenues by placing an excise tax on marijuana, much like the excise taxes imposed on alcohol and cigarettes. A federal excise tax of 6 percent on the $11 billion U.S. consumers spend on marijuana every year would produce $660 million for the federal government (2). Selling marijuana at stores would create a surplus of money in the federal budget when taxed. The money could be spent on roads, schools, and a national debt. With all the money collected over a few years time America could have the strongest economy two times better than any other nations. ...

Differences Between Correlation and Causation

Differences Between Correlation and Causation One day at lunch a young woman was eating a large bowl of ice cream, and a fellow faculty member walked up to her and said, â€Å"You had better be careful, there is a high statistical correlation between ice cream and drowning.† She must have given him a confused look, as he elaborated some more. â€Å"Days with the most sales of ice cream also see the most people drown.† When she had finished my ice cream the two colleagues discussed the fact that just because one variable is statistically associated with another, it doesn’t mean that one is the cause of the other. Sometimes there is a variable hiding in the background. In this case, the day of the year is hiding in the data. More ice cream is sold on hot summer days than snowy winter ones. More people swim in the summer, and hence more drown in the summer than in the winter. Beware of Lurking Variables The above anecdote is a prime example of what is known as a lurking variable. As its name suggests, a lurking variable can be elusive and difficult to detect. When we find that two numerical data sets are strongly correlated, we should always ask, â€Å"Could there be something else that is causing this relationship?† The following are examples of strong correlation caused by a lurking variable: The average number of computers per person in a country and that country’s average life expectancy.The number of firefighters at a fire and the damage caused by the fire.The height of an elementary school student and his or her reading level. In all of these cases, the relationship between the variables is a very strong one.  This is typically indicated by a correlation coefficient that has a value close to 1 or to -1.  It does not matter how close this correlation coefficient is to 1 or to -1, this statistic cannot show that one variable is the cause of the other variable. Detection of Lurking Variables By their nature, lurking variables are difficult to detect. One strategy, if available, is to examine what happens to the data over time. This can reveal seasonal trends, such as the ice cream example, that get obscured when the data is lumped together. Another method is to look at outliers and try to determine what makes them different than the other data. Sometimes this provides a hint of what is happening behind the scenes. The best course of action is to be proactive; question assumptions and design experiments carefully. Why Does It Matter? In the opening scenario, suppose a well-meaning but statistically uninformed congressman proposed to outlaw all ice cream in order to prevent drowning. Such a bill would inconvenience large segments of the population, force several companies into bankruptcy, and eliminate thousands of jobs as the country’s ice cream industry closed down. Despite the best of intentions, this bill would not decrease the number of drowning deaths. If that example seems a little too far fetched, consider the following, which actually happened. In the early 1900s, doctors noticed that some infants were mysteriously dying in their sleep from perceived respiratory problems. This was called crib death and is now known as SIDS. One thing that stuck out from autopsies performed on those who died from SIDS was an enlarged thymus, a gland located in the chest. From the correlation of enlarged thymus glands in SIDS babies, doctors presumed that an abnormally large thymus caused improper breathing and death. The proposed solution was to shrink the thymus with high does of radiation, or to remove the gland entirely. These procedures had a high mortality rate and led to even more deaths. What is sad is that these operations didn’t have to have been performed. Subsequent research has shown that these doctors were mistaken in their assumptions and that the thymus is not responsible for SIDS. Correlation Does Not Imply Causation The above should make us pause when we think that statistical evidence is used to justify things such as medical regimens, legislation, and educational proposals. It is important that good work is done in interpreting data, especially if results involving correlation are going to affect the lives of others. When anyone states, â€Å"Studies show that A is a cause of B and some statistics back it up,† be ready to reply, â€Å"correlation does not imply causation.† Always be on the lookout for what lurks beneath the data.

International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

International law - Essay Example International law sets the limits on and relations between and among states. International law is not a new concept. Keep in mind that rudimentary international law was evident as far back of the fourth millennium B.C, when belligerents consented to observe truces for holidays and other similar situations. Homer\s The Iliad and Thucydides\s The Peloponnesian Wars are abounding with references to armistices, acceptance of heralds in addition to other customary standard behaviour connecting peaceful or warring parties. But is should also be remembered that such references are equally filled with instances of agreements being dishonoured. Modern international law, customary international law being part of it, gradually evolved as states gained status. Denial S Papp1 states that Hugo Grotius is usually taken note of as the father of modern international law with references to his work, On the Law of War and Peace, published in 1662. His publication paved the laying of the foundations of the rights and responsibilities that states are obligated to each other. It is on the writings of Grotius that the entire systems of treaties, tribunals as well as similar codes of international conduct take their extraction. From the readings of Grotius’s publications, at least four separate interpretations of what international law is, exist.2 These include: the naturalist school of law exemplified by Samuel Pefundorf (The Law of Nature and of Nations, 1672); the positivist school of law, led by Cornelius van Bynkershoek (Forum for Ambassadors, 1721 and On Questions of Public Law, 1737); the eclectic school of law led by Emmerich de Vattel (The Law of Nations, 1758) and finally the neorealist outlook. The more general view is that states interpret and adopt whatever view of international law that best shores up the most preferred course of action. There are various sources of international law to which states can tie

Principles of Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example It is necessary that every employee realizes his or her contribution in the organization’s work and image. Motivation comes from within the person. Motivational factors could be implanted by the management externally; however the employee has to feel the urge himself. Hence it is a process to create the urge and define the path for him or her. Clarity of goals gives idea to the person what he is striving for. The real challenge for a manager lies in defining the path. If the goal is too difficult, it will give the air of impossibility and is discarded by the employee. On the contrary, if it is too lenient then it loses the attraction of challenge. Apart from this the manager needs to have a clear idea about the role every individual plays in the team to align his goals with those of team. A well-defined job description gives a clear idea of specific job roles, responsibilities. Group level – Leadership Leadership in an organization comes at various levels. It starts at one to one level, progresses to team level and then assumes the overall macro level of leading the organization. All the three aspects contribute to an employee’s growth in an organization. Appropriate leadership at appropriate level benefits not only the team but also the development of the organization as well. ... vides direction with the help of well-defined goals and structured path, which is further broken into objectives for departments, further down to teams and eventually to every individual playing as a team member. Hence it is also imperative that leadership at every level must identify future leaders who could take over further responsibilities of delivering the task to the organization. There should be a great stress on identifying leaders and developing them. It is the only way the human resource can be developed and made competent. Hence identifying leadership competencies is as necessary for a manager as to acquire them. Often it is also noticed that there are two leaders in the organization natural leaders and appointed leaders. Natural leaders tend to get better results. Alternatively appointed leaders could be trained to prove themselves but could be lengthy process. Organizational Level: Organizational culture and climate The culture of a group can now be defined as: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (Schein 373-374) (www.soi.org) Organizational climate is the set of characteristics that describe an organization and that distinguishes one organization from other organizations; are relatively enduring over time and influence the behaviour of the  people in the organization  (Forehand & Gilmer, 1964). (http://organizationalclimate.wordpress.com) Although similar, elements of both the concepts have different impact on an employee. Both the definitions state the congeniality in the environment

The Beak Of The Finch :: essays research papers fc

The Bogus Logic of The Beak People who have served in the Armed Forces may be familiar with the expression, "If you can't dazzle then with your brilliance, baffle them with your baloney." The Beak of the Finch uses such laughable logic, it is remarkable that anyone would believe it. The book does such a terrible job of presenting a case for evolution and history, that the only logical conclusion is that the book's true intent is to disprove it.   Jonathan Weiner, The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. ISBN 0679400036.   "It is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof." --Thoreau, Walden This book claims to be about evolution, centered in the location made famous by Charles Darwin, the Galapagos Islands. I read this book on the recommendation of a good friend who knows I am interested in birds and thought I might get something out of it. Indeed, the few parts of the book actually about the Gouldian Finches of the Galapagos Islands are fascinating. The book records in detail some of the trials the Dr. Peter Grant family endured in studying these birds on a hot volcanic rock. However, the writers and editors of the book avoid simple logic and put a spin on history that is misleading. The facts and logic presented in The Beak of the Finch really make the book's author out to be a closet creationist.   It just so happened that at the same time I read this book, I was reading The Storm Petrel and the Owl of Athena by Louis Halle. Half of The Storm Petrel is on the bird life of the Shetland Islands, another isolated natural system. Halle, though an evolutionist, devotes a whole chapter on how the Shetlands and other islands conserve species. (Halle. 1970, 155ff.) Where species have changed their habits, it is most often due to adaptation to humanity. He compares the wild starlings, house sparrows, and rock doves found on the Shetlands with the more domesticated versions of these birds found on the continents--and to some degree even in the main village of the Shetlands. The island birds are more like their original wild forebears. I mention this now because it will come back to haunt us later.   Logical Fallacies By the first thirty or so pages I had found two logical fallacies and at least one historical inaccuracy in The Beak of the Finch.

Elements of Art Essay

Each work of art has elements of unity and elements of variety. Variety balances out unity and keeps things interesting. The center of interest or focal point is the place the artist draws your eyes first. Artists use balance in order to construct paintings. These elements of art such as unity, variety, focal point or area of interest and balance will be used to give you a better understanding. Examples from â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914), â€Å"Pablo Picasso† (Seated Nude, 1909, Spanish), â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children, 1819) and â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie, 1908) will be used merely as informational pieces to convey these elements of art. Some ways of creating unity might be to make everything in a painting a similar color, or a series of repeating shapes, or a consistent texture made with brush strokes. At times, variety coerces the eye to pay particular attention to that object. Variety occurs when an artist creates something that looks different from the rest of the artwork. For example, â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico†, (The Mystery and Melancholy of a street, 1914) depicts unity and variety with light/dark (cooler and warmer hues) various shapes and lines. Unity is depicted in the repletion of the square windows, directly above the repletion of archways alongside two buildings. Variety is depicted in the chosen colors and various shapes and lines. In â€Å"Chirico’s† oil canvas, variety is applied by the contrasting of warmer hues aside the cooler hues (light and dark) conveying both space/distance and receding/closeness. The unity and variety in this canvas is brought together through the repetition depicted on the two buildings, the warmer hues and light expressing depth and the cooler hues and dark expressing the closeness. These same principles of the elements of unity and variety, are depicted in â€Å"Picasso’s, Goya’s and Mondrain’s† Canvases. Artists emphasize certain parts of their artwork to stand out and grab your attention. This is called a focal point or area of interest. An artist applies a focal point or area of interest for the coercion of the viewer’s eyes. In â€Å"Picasso† (Seated Nude) the area of interest is establish with the choices of color. He has placed warmer hues (red, orange and yellow) throughout the body of a nude man sleeping. â€Å"Picass† emphasizes the man by a  focal point, using light to contrast the man’s shoulder, rib, chin and ear, thus attracting the eye to various cooler hues and forms. In â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children) the coercion of the viewer is brought about with the contrasting colors. Here â€Å"Goys† has used dark (cooler) hues surrounding a man and his malice expression. Emphasizing the man are light (warmer) hues, thus depicting the devouring of the carcass of a woman. The devouring is emphasized by, blood (red hue) dripping down her arm from inside the man’s mouth. The viewer’s eyes are first coerced to the facial expression on the man’s face. These same principle of the element of the focal point or areas of interest, are depicted in both â€Å"Chirico’s† and â€Å"Mondrains’s† canvases. Balance is one of the elements of art, which is very important to artists and their work. By using balance to guide our attention around a work, artists give structure to our perception of it. Their are three different elements of balance an artist uses to construct their paintings. They are, (symmetrical balance), which means both sides of an imaginary line are the same, (asymmetrical balance), meaning each side of an imaginary line are different yet equal and (radial balance), meaning lines or shapes grow from a center point. However, in the reference pieces of, â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie) and Gorigio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street), â€Å"Pablo Picasso† (Seated Nude) and â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children) an (asymmetrical) balance was used to construct these canvases. Both sides of this imaginary line are different yet equal, thus bringing together the other elements of art. Concluding, unity is the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and suggest that it belongs. Variety balances out unity and keeps things interesting. A focal point or areas of interest are used for the coercion of the viewer’s attention. Lastly, an important factor is balance. Artists use balance in order to construct a painting. All of the elements of art discussed here play an important role in designing of art. â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914), â€Å"Pablo Picasso†Ã‚  (Seated Nude, 1909, Spanish), â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children, 1819) and â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie, 1908) were used merely as informational pieces to convey these elements of art.

Influence Of Natural Selection Has On Rabbits - 1505 Words

The Influence and Effect Natural Selection Has On Rabbits Introduction Years ago Charles Darwin created the theory of natural selection. He attempted to explain how evolution worked, and his theory is now regarded as correct. Natural selection states that animals with traits that are better suited to their environment will survive and reproduce more. This would explain how evolution works. Groups of animals with the most beneficial traits survive and are able to reproduce. While the other group has difficulty surviving and would therefore reproduce less. The variation between that type of animal would come from a random mutation which turned out to be useful. An animal may get a mutation which is either beneficial or disadvantageous to the organism (1). As time progresses there are a larger amount of animals with the beneficial trait, while there is a lot less animals with the older trait. Natural selection correlates to the phrase â€Å"survival of the fittest† meaning that animals with beneficial traits will survive, while those without will di e (2). Theoretically, this could lead to an entire change of the population; leaving only the group that can survive easily and produce more offspring. The purpose of the lab executed was to see what would happen to the traits of rabbits over generations as alleles in the new rabbits change. In the lab there were two types of rabbits--furred rabbits and naked rabbits. Having fur was the dominant trait and no fur was the recessiveShow MoreRelatedGenetic Bottlenecks The Founder Effect Introduction The concept of evolution is sometimes1500 Words   |  6 Pagesallele frequencies over time. With the population being the smallest unit which can evolve. Any measurement smaller than this is classified as a basic mutation which occurs in all individuals. 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These verses have been selected because they call attention to the need for salvation, they state the good news that a way to salvation has already been prepared, they warn nonbelievers of what will happen if the nonbeliever remains in the sinful state, they inform the nonbeliever that there is no other way to salvati on except through Jesus, and they proclaim that confessing this truthRead MoreIs Human Gene Editing Be Highly Sensitive And Controversial Practice?1754 Words   |  8 PagesHuman gene editing, the highly sensitive and controversial practice in the medical world, has been debated over its ethics during its time and recently during the international summit in Washington DC. Genome editing is a form of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome of an organism, such as a human, using engineered nucleases, or molecular scissors. Gene editing on human embryo is extremely risky, medically unnecessary in most aspects, and profoundly damagingRead MoreGene Editing On Human Cloning1841 Words   |  8 PagesGene editing on human embryos, a highly sensitive and controversial practice in the medical world, has been debated over its ethical properties in many medical summits such as the international summit in Washington DC that took place recently. Genome ed iting is a form of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome of an organism, using engineered nucleases, or molecular scissors. 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